League Record
| Season | Position Finished | Played | Won | Drawn | Lost | For | Against | Points | League & Division |
| 1919/20 | 4th | 24 | 12 | 5 | 7 | 45 | 28 | 29 | Kent League Division 1 |
| 1920/21 | ▲8th | 24 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 41 | 41 | 24 | Southern League English Section |
| ▲Charlton Athletic were Elected to the Football League | |||||||||
| 1921/22 | 16th | 42 | 13 | 11 | 18 | 43 | 56 | 37 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1922/23 | 12th | 42 | 14 | 14 | 14 | 55 | 51 | 42 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1923/24 | 14th | 42 | 11 | 15 | 16 | 38 | 45 | 37 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1924/25 | 15th | 42 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 46 | 48 | 38 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1925/26 | ►21st | 42 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 48 | 68 | 35 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1926/27 | 13th | 42 | 16 | 8 | 18 | 60 | 61 | 40 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1927/28 | 11th | 42 | 15 | 13 | 14 | 60 | 70 | 43 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1928/29 | ▲1st | 42 | 23 | 8 | 11 | 86 | 60 | 54 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1929/30 | 13th | 42 | 14 | 11 | 17 | 59 | 63 | 39 | Football League Second Division |
| 1930/31 | 15th | 42 | 15 | 9 | 18 | 59 | 86 | 39 | Football League Second Division |
| 1931/32 | 10th | 42 | 17 | 9 | 16 | 61 | 66 | 43 | Football League Second Division |
| 1932/33 | ▼22nd | 42 | 12 | 7 | 23 | 60 | 91 | 31 | Football League Second Division |
| 1933/34 | 5th | 42 | 22 | 8 | 12 | 83 | 56 | 52 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1934/35 | ▲1st | 42 | 27 | 7 | 8 | 103 | 52 | 61 | Football League Third Division South |
| 1935/36 | ▲2nd | 42 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 85 | 58 | 55 | Football League Second Division |
| 1936/37 | 2nd | 42 | 21 | 12 | 9 | 58 | 49 | 54 | Football League First Division |
| 1937/38 | 4th | 42 | 16 | 14 | 12 | 65 | 51 | 46 | Football League First Division |
| 1938/39 | 3rd | 42 | 22 | 6 | 14 | 75 | 59 | 50 | Football League First Division |
| World War 2 Suspended Play | |||||||||
| 1946/47 | 19th | 42 | 11 | 12 | 19 | 57 | 71 | 34 | Football League First Division |
| 1947/48 | 13th | 42 | 17 | 6 | 19 | 57 | 66 | 40 | Football League First Division |
| 1948/49 | 9th | 42 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 63 | 67 | 42 | Football League First Division |
| 1949/50 | 20th | 42 | 13 | 6 | 23 | 53 | 65 | 32 | Football League First Division |
| 1950/51 | 17th | 42 | 14 | 9 | 19 | 63 | 80 | 37 | Football League First Division |
| 1951/52 | 10th | 42 | 17 | 10 | 15 | 68 | 63 | 44 | Football League First Division |
| 1952/53 | 5th | 42 | 19 | 11 | 12 | 77 | 63 | 49 | Football League First Division |
| 1953/54 | 9th | 42 | 19 | 6 | 17 | 75 | 77 | 44 | Football League First Division |
| 1954/55 | 15th | 42 | 15 | 10 | 17 | 76 | 75 | 40 | Football League First Division |
| 1955/56 | 14th | 42 | 17 | 6 | 19 | 75 | 81 | 40 | Football League First Division |
| 1956/57 | ▼22nd | 42 | 9 | 4 | 29 | 62 | 120 | 22 | Football League First Division |
| 1957/58 | 3rd | 42 | 24 | 7 | 11 | 107 | 69 | 55 | Football League Second Division |
| 1958/59 | 8th | 42 | 18 | 7 | 17 | 92 | 90 | 43 | Football League Second Division |
| 1959/60 | 7th | 42 | 17 | 13 | 12 | 90 | 87 | 47 | Football League Second Division |
| 1960/61 | 10th | 42 | 16 | 11 | 15 | 97 | 91 | 43 | Football League Second Division |
| 1961/62 | 15th | 42 | 15 | 9 | 18 | 69 | 75 | 39 | Football League Second Division |
| 1962/63 | 20th | 42 | 13 | 5 | 24 | 62 | 94 | 31 | Football League Second Division |
| 1963/64 | 4th | 42 | 19 | 10 | 13 | 76 | 70 | 48 | Football League Second Division |
| 1964/65 | 18th | 42 | 13 | 9 | 20 | 64 | 75 | 35 | Football League Second Division |
| 1965/66 | 16th | 42 | 12 | 14 | 16 | 61 | 70 | 38 | Football League Second Division |
| 1966/67 | 19th | 42 | 13 | 9 | 20 | 49 | 53 | 35 | Football League Second Division |
| 1967/68 | 15th | 42 | 12 | 13 | 17 | 63 | 68 | 37 | Football League Second Division |
| 1968/69 | 3rd | 42 | 18 | 14 | 10 | 61 | 52 | 50 | Football League Second Division |
| 1969/70 | 20th | 42 | 7 | 17 | 18 | 35 | 76 | 31 | Football League Second Division |
| 1970/71 | 20th | 42 | 8 | 14 | 20 | 41 | 65 | 30 | Football League Second Division |
| 1971/72 | ▼21st | 42 | 12 | 9 | 21 | 55 | 77 | 33 | Football League Second Division |
| 1972/73 | 11th | 46 | 17 | 11 | 18 | 69 | 67 | 45 | Football League Third Division |
| 1973/74 | 14th | 46 | 19 | 8 | 19 | 66 | 73 | 46 | Football League Third Division |
| 1974/75 | ▲3rd | 46 | 22 | 11 | 13 | 76 | 61 | 55 | Football League Third Division |
| 1975/76 | 9th | 42 | 15 | 12 | 15 | 61 | 72 | 42 | Football League Second Division |
| 1976/77 | 7th | 42 | 16 | 16 | 10 | 71 | 58 | 48 | Football League Second Division |
| 1977/78 | 17th | 42 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 55 | 68 | 38 | Football League Second Division |
| 1978/79 | 19th | 42 | 11 | 13 | 18 | 60 | 69 | 35 | Football League Second Division |
| 1979/80 | ▼22nd | 42 | 6 | 10 | 26 | 39 | 78 | 22 | Football League Second Division |
| 1980/81 | ▲3rd | 46 | 25 | 9 | 12 | 63 | 44 | 59 | Football League Third Division |
| 1981/82 | 13th | 42 | 13 | 12 | 17 | 50 | 65 | 51 | Football League Second Division |
| 1982/83 | 17th | 42 | 13 | 9 | 20 | 63 | 86 | 48 | Football League Second Division |
| 1983/84 | 13th | 42 | 16 | 9 | 17 | 53 | 64 | 57 | Football League Second Division |
| 1984/85 | 17th | 42 | 11 | 12 | 19 | 51 | 63 | 45 | Football League Second Division |
| 1985/86 | ▲2nd | 42 | 22 | 11 | 9 | 78 | 45 | 77 | Football League Second Division |
| 1986/87 | ♦►19th | 42 | 11 | 11 | 20 | 45 | 55 | 44 | Football League First Division |
| 1987/88 | 17th | 40 | 9 | 15 | 16 | 38 | 52 | 42 | Football League First Division |
| 1988/89 | 14th | 38 | 10 | 12 | 16 | 44 | 58 | 42 | Football League First Division |
| 1989/90 | ▼19th | 38 | 7 | 9 | 22 | 31 | 57 | 30 | Football League First Division |
| 1990/91 | 16th | 46 | 13 | 17 | 16 | 57 | 61 | 56 | Football League Second Division |
| 1991/92 | 7th | 46 | 20 | 11 | 15 | 54 | 48 | 71 | Football League Second Division |
| Following the formation of the Premier League, The Football League renamed the Second Division to Division 1 | |||||||||
| 1992/93 | 12th | 46 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 49 | 46 | 61 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1993/94 | 11th | 46 | 19 | 8 | 19 | 61 | 58 | 65 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1994/95 | 15th | 46 | 16 | 11 | 19 | 58 | 66 | 59 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1995/96 | ♦►6th | 46 | 17 | 20 | 9 | 57 | 45 | 71 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1996/97 | 15th | 46 | 16 | 11 | 19 | 52 | 66 | 59 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1997/98 | ♦▲4th | 46 | 26 | 10 | 10 | 80 | 49 | 88 | Football League Division 1 |
| 1998/99 | ▼18th | 38 | 8 | 12 | 18 | 41 | 56 | 36 | Premier League |
| 1999/00 | ▲1st | 46 | 27 | 10 | 9 | 79 | 45 | 91 | Football League Division 1 |
| 2000/01 | 9th | 38 | 14 | 10 | 14 | 50 | 57 | 52 | Premier League |
| 2001/02 | 14th | 38 | 10 | 14 | 14 | 38 | 49 | 44 | Premier League |
| 2002/03 | 12th | 38 | 14 | 7 | 17 | 45 | 56 | 49 | Premier League |
| 2003/04 | 7th | 38 | 14 | 11 | 13 | 51 | 51 | 53 | Premier League |
| 2004/05 | 11th | 38 | 12 | 10 | 16 | 42 | 58 | 46 | Premier League |
| 2005/06 | 13th | 38 | 13 | 8 | 17 | 41 | 55 | 47 | Premier League |
| 2006/07 | ▼19th | 38 | 8 | 10 | 20 | 34 | 60 | 34 | Premier League |
| 2007/08 | 11th | 46 | 17 | 13 | 16 | 63 | 58 | 64 | Football League Championship |
| 2008/09 | ▼24th | 46 | 8 | 15 | 23 | 52 | 74 | 39 | Football League Championship |
| 2009/10 | ♦►4th | 46 | 23 | 15 | 8 | 71 | 48 | 84 | Football League One |
| 2010/11 | 13th | 46 | 15 | 14 | 17 | 62 | 66 | 59 | Football League One |
| 2011/12 | ▲1st | 46 | 30 | 11 | 5 | 82 | 36 | 101 | Football League One |
| 2012/13 | 9th | 46 | 17 | 14 | 15 | 65 | 59 | 65 | Football League Championship |
| 2013/14 | 18th | 46 | 13 | 12 | 21 | 41 | 61 | 51 | Football League Championship |
| 2014/15 | 12th | 46 | 14 | 18 | 14 | 54 | 60 | 60 | Football League Championship |
| 2015/16 | ▼22nd | 46 | 9 | 13 | 24 | 40 | 80 | 40 | Football League Championship |
| 2016/17 | 13th | 46 | 14 | 18 | 14 | 60 | 53 | 60 | English Football League One |
| 2017/18 | ♦►6th | 46 | 20 | 11 | 15 | 58 | 51 | 71 | English Football League One |
| 2018/19 | ♦▲3rd | 46 | 26 | 10 | 10 | 73 | 40 | 88 | English Football League One |
| 2019/20 | ▼22nd | 46 | 12 | 12 | 22 | 50 | 65 | 48 | English Football League Championship |
| 2020/21 | 7th | 46 | 20 | 14 | 12 | 70 | 56 | 74 | English Football League One |
| 2021/22 | 13th | 46 | 17 | 8 | 21 | 55 | 59 | 59 | English Football League One |
| 2022/23 | 10th | 46 | 16 | 14 | 16 | 70 | 66 | 62 | English Football League One |
| 2023/24 | 16th | 46 | 11 | 20 | 15 | 64 | 65 | 53 | English Football League One |
| 2024/25 | ♦▲4th | 46 | 25 | 10 | 11 | 67 | 43 | 85 | English Football League One |
| 2025/26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | English Football League Championship |